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Low Back Pain includes definitive and specifically detailed information on anatomy, what information is required from the patient history, a detailed physical examination section, the specific benefits from each of several types of diagnostic imaging, comprehensive listings of potential etiologies with presentations and diagnostic procedures, non-back specific causes, pediatric back problems, the diagnostic and treatment protocols and referral requirements for chronic back pain, therapeutic techniques and specific pain management techniques, surgical treatment, and a complete section on prevention and exercise.

The unique aspects of this CD derive from the 3D animation which allows the viewer to visually ascend and descend through the center of the spine, to view three dimensionally, rotate, and maneuver individual vertebrae, and to identify each segment of the involved anatomy. The visuals within the CD show the musculature layers, their attachments, and give a superior explanation of areas which may have pain. Additionally, the video of a complete physical exam with a definitive description of pertinent imaging give clear and concise diagnostic support.

Educational Objectives
Upon completion of the CD, the learner will be able to:

· Explain, in detail, the specifics involved in the anatomical review of the lumbosacral spine.

· Define, in detail, the initial evaluation of low back pain and its components.

· Identify ,explain and discuss the etiologies of back pain, and the specific factors at various stages of dysfunction.

· Define all common potential risk factors in the treatment of Back Pain.

· Understand, explain, and give rationale for the treatment and assessment of myofascial strain.

· List and define with full explanation disc disease, with and without nerve root involvement ( herniated nucleus pulposis).

· Identify and explain Cauda Equina Syndrome

· Identify and define Spondylosis - degenerative arthritis.

· Analyze and define Chronic Facet Disorder.

· Identify, explain, and describe Congenital Abnormalities of the spine to include spina bifida occulta, scoliosis, lower limb length inequality.

· Describe the process, considerations, and focus of care for Spondylolisthesis

· Identify, explain, and describe Sciatica and its care and concerns.

· Explain Spinal stenosis and its care.

· Describe Piriformis Syndrome and associated concerns.

· Analyze and describe Trauma as an etiology of back pain to include: compression fracture, transverse process fracture, and blow out or ring fracture.

· Describe the process of determining Malingering and Drug seeking behavior.

· Define in detail, and describe a minimum of six (6) procedures in Imaging Diagnostics for the evaluation of Back Pain.

· Identify and describe a minimum of eight (8) pain management techniques for Back Pain.

· Identify, define, and describe for patients the prevention of Back injury and pain.

· List, analyze and discuss a minimum of fifteen (15) medical causes of Back Pain.

· List and explain seven (7) causes of pediatric Back Problems.

· Describe the causes and treatment of Failed Back Syndrome and Post Laminectomy Syndrome.

· List, analyze, and discuss the surgical treatments for Back Pain and give the rationale for when these should be selected